What Drugs Cause Dilated Pupils?

Pupil dilation is one of the biggest giveaways that an individual may be struggling with drug use. However, this unique side effect is often triggered by specific drugs, including prescription stimulants and hallucinogens like LSD. 

What Causes Dilated Pupils?

Research has shown that everything from our internal emotional states to drug abuse can cause your pupil size to change and affect your overall eye health, including your retina. 

Many factors cause pupils to dilate, including:

• prescription medications
• commonly misused drugs
• brain injury or eye injury
• health conditions such as mydriasis and congenital aniridia
• mental and emotional states 

It’s also important to note that pupil dilation is an involuntary response on behalf of the nervous system. This means that the body cannot control this response, it simply happens. 

What Drugs Cause Dilated Pupils?

There are two categories to keep in mind when it comes to pupil dilation: prescription drugs and illicit drugs. A lot of over-the-counter prescriptions interfere with your brain’s neurotransmitters and can cause the muscles in the eye to expand or shrink. 

Prescription drugs that cause pupil dilation include: 

• anticonvulsants
• anticholinergics
• antidepressants
• antihistamines
• decongestants
• depressants 
• benzodiazepines
• mydriatics
• stimulants
• SSRIs 

Commonly misused drugs that cause pupil dilation include:

• cocaine
• LSD 
• MDMA 
• ketamine
• mescaline 
• ecstasy
• bath salts
• crystal methamphetamine
• amphetamines 
• inhalants
• Psilocybin mushrooms

All forms of hallucinogens such as LSD and mescaline can cause severe pupil dilation. In stark contrast, there are some drugs that can actually cause your pupils to shrink. Opioids such as fentanyl, heroin, and oxycodone can cause your pupils to become significantly smaller in size. 

It’s encouraged that you consult with an ophthalmologist if your pupils appear dilated or even bloodshot. They will typically shine a bright light directly onto your eye, and if your pupil does not change in size, it is likely that something is wrong. 

Your doctor will then provide you with the appropriate medication, oftentimes prescribing eye drops. 

When To Seek Help & Support 

If you suspect that a loved one may be struggling with substance use disorder due to suspicious side effects, seek out the support and resources. If they are experiencing dilated pupils or increased heart rate or blood pressure, they may be in need of medical emergency assistance. 

Additionally, if you experience any serious side effects when taking a certain prescription drug, do not hesitate to contact your doctor for support. 

To learn more about the comprehensive treatment options available for substance use disorder treatment, please contact an Ark Behavioral Health specialist today.